The status of rice as a model crop and the sequencing of the indica and japonica genomes have provided breeders with the necessary tools for marker assisted breeding. Efforts to bring marker assisted breeding mab into wide adoption for horticultural crop improvement will benefit from targeted utilization of synteny among related crops and information from model plants to develop markers for use in standard breeding methods, e. Markerassisted selection mas can be used for monitoring the presence or absence of these genes in breeding populations and can be combined with conventional breeding approaches. Note that homozygotes can be selected from the f2 population. The assessment of each method was based on pcr amplification of ssr markers, dna yield and purity, time and cost. Salt tolerance improvement in rice through efficient snp markerassisted selection coupled with speedbreeding by md masud rana 1,2, takeshi takamatsu 1,3, marouane baslam 3, kentaro kaneko 1, kimiko itoh 1,3, naoki harada 1,3, toshie sugiyama 1,3, takayuki ohnishi 4, tetsu kinoshita 5, hiroki takagi 6 and toshiaki mitsui 1,3. One such disease causing major set backs in rice production is bacterial leaf blight blb caused by the pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. Genetic mapping and marker assisted selection mas is considered as one of the major tools in genetic improvement of crop plants in this genomics era. He has successfully completed several national and international research projects and is currently engaged in nationwide and worldwide network projects that address the. The information from the dna testing, combined with the observed performance records for individuals, is intended to improve the accuracy of selection and increase the possibility of.
Jiang and sink 1997 developed scar markers in asparagus which were linked to the sex locus at a distance of 1. Mas will need to address concerns about the population size needed to introgress together more than two genesqtls. The aim of this study is to develop, validate and deploy a single seed sampling strategy for markerassisted selection of fixed lines in rice that is more efficient, costeffective and convenient compared to leafbased sampling protocols without compromising the accuracy of the markerassisted selection results. More specifi cally, plant breeding will benefi t from the use of genomics tools through i more eff ectively. Marker assisted selection in comparison to conventional. Improving drought tolerance in rainfed lowland rice. The fine mapping of the low glutelin content gene in w3660 and the identification of tightly linked ssr markers will enable the use of markerassisted selection for this trait, and thus will. Fine mapping and markerassisted selection mas of a low. Applicaion of molecular markers in vegetable crops.
Traditional strategies for the use of molecular data for genetic improvement involve a twostep approach, leading to markerassisted selection mas 97. Ionbeam irradiation, gene identification, and marker. Markerassisted selection for rice brown planthopper. Markerfree carotenoidenriched rice generated through.
Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection mas is an indirect selection process where a trait of interest is selected based on a marker morphological, biochemical or dnarna variation linked to a trait of interest e. Markerassisted selection to improve drought adaptation in. Markerassisted selection in rice breeding programs in. Codominants sts markers enabling the differentiation of xy from yy males in asparagus were developed by reamon buttner and jung 2002. Marker assisted selection for rice brown planthopper nilaparvata lugensresistance using linked ssr markers august 2015 turkish journal of biology 395. Existing examples of targeted gene insertion in plants either rely on a selectable marker gene or result in short dna inserts. Here, we summarize the current states of mas in rice breeding programs in hokkaido before huge data sets of genome sequences using nextgeneration.
Markerassisted backcross breeding has been used to effectively integrate major genes or quantitative trait loci with large effect into widely grown varieties. Department of plant breeding, cornell university ithaca, new york 148531901 i. This method is used when the trait of interest is not present within the gene pool of the crop of interest. These results are useful for incorporating pi9 gene into elite cultivars by marker assisted selection in rice. Pcrbased markerassisted selection in rice breeding 1995. One of the most intuitive stages to use markers to select plants is at an early generation especially f2 or f3. Evaluation of quick and dirty dna extraction methods for. Markerassisted breeding will move forward from introgressing singlemultiple genes governing a single trait to multiple genes governing multiple traits to combat emerging biotic and abiotic stresses related to climate change and to enhance rice productivity. Introduction marker assisted selection mas refers to the use of dna markers that are tightlylinked to target loci as a substitute for or to assist phenotypic screening or the use of genetic markers with the phenotypes in a process called marker assisted selection. Genetic mapping and marker assisted selection basics. Marker assisted selection mas is a method that uses molecular markers closely. Pdf markerassisted selection for rice brown planthopper.
In mas, the first step is to use phenotypes and genotypes to identify genetic markers associated with the trait, employing the approaches described earlier. Developing markerassisted selection strategies for. Pdf molecular marker assisted selection mas is currently being employed in two areas of rice breeding at the university of arkansas rice research. We prevent an ultrasimple dna extraction method for microsatellite analysis of rice. Each extraction requires only one microtube, one disposable pipette tip, te buffer and few pieces about 5 mm of rice leaf tissue. Mas is based on the concept that it is possible to infer the presence of a gene from the presence of a marker which is tightly linked to the gene of interest. Marker assisted selection for biotic stress resistance in wheat and rice article pdf available in indian journal of genetics and plant breeding 69.
An example from thailand boonrat jongdeea, grienggrai pantuwanb, shu fukaic, ken fischerc a ubon ratchathani rice research center, ubon ratchathani 34000, thailand b rice research institute, bangkok, thailand c school of land and food sciences, the university of queensland, brisbane, qld 4072, australia. Ssrs for markerassisted selection for blast resistance in rice oryza sativa l. Ultrasimple dna extraction method for markerassisted. Carbon ionbeam irradiation produced three rice mutants with pdf yuan l. Pcrbased markerassisted selection in rice breeding save as. Marker assisted selection is the process of using the results of dna testing in the selection of individuals to become parents for the next generations. Simple sequence repeat markers in genetic divergence and markerassisted selection of rice cultivars. Molecular markers and markerassisted selection in rice. Molecular markers and markerassisted breeding in plants. The use markerassisted selection to improve the rooting quality of the variety kalinga iii was a second aim of this project.
Jamali nuclear institute of agriculture nia, tando jam, sindh, pakistan abstract rice is an important cereal crop of asian countries. The development of a deep and thick root system in rice has been. This method is used when the trait of interest is present within the gene pool of the crop of interest transgenic. Genetic diversity is well recognised as contributing essential variation to crop breeding processes, and markerassisted selection is cited as the. It is a major staple food crop southeast and eastern countries of asian subcontinent. Background integrated breeding approaches such as combining markerassisted selection and rapid line fixation through singleseeddescent, can effectively increase the frequency of desirable alleles in a breeding program and increase the rate of genetic gain for quantitative traits by shortening the breeding cycle. Ssrs for marker assisted selection for blast resistance in. Ahmad m 2000 molecular marker assisted selection of hmw glutenin alleles related to wheat bread. Pdf collard bc, mackill dj markerassisted selection. The use of dna markers in plant breeding is called marker assisted selection mas. Molecular mapping and markerassisted selection for major.
It involves statistical modeling and novel bioinformatics tools to predict how well an individual plant is performing before testing in the field. Six simple methods for extracting dna from rice seedlings were evaluated for marker. To develop cultivars with resistance against different races of m. He has extensive experience in qtl mapping and marker assisted selection in rice, cotton, mungbean and tomato. This year, the event was held with the aim to honor the late his majesty king bhumibol adulyadej for his contribution to thai rice affairs and farmers. Marker assisted selection mas refers to indirect selection for a desired plant phenotype based on the banding pattern of linked molecular dna markers. Through these techniques, plant breeders have been able to produce cultivars of agriculturally significant plants with genes for resistance to many diseases that were not possible before the advent of dna. Pdf rice variety improvement using markerassisted selection. This book describes basics in linkage mapping, stepbystep procedure to perform mas, achievements made so far in different crops, and limitations and prospects of mas in plant breeding. Marker assisted selection for genetic improvement of.
Markerassisted selection and gene pyramiding are very important breeding strategies for conferring broad spectrum and durable resistance against diseases causing yield loss in rice. In future combination of conventional and marker assisted selection. Rice blast caused by the fungus magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating diseases of rice in nearly all rice growing areas of the world including malaysia. Ijms free fulltext salt tolerance improvement in rice. Plants were first genotyped at three pcrbased markers which mapped within three of the target regions on chromosomes 1, 2, and 10 and had been selected based on the quality of their polymorphisms and their combinability for multiplexed pcr amplifications ribaut et al. The newly developed introgression rice line was designated as wanhui 6725. In this study, 28 polymorphic simple sequence repeat ssr markers were analyzed in 108 f3 progenies derived from the cross of rathu heenati and mr276 rice cultivars to investigate the association with bph resistance against biotypes 2 and 3. The extract can be kept in the freezer for longterm storage. Marker assisted pyramiding of two disease resistance genes. Pdf marker assisted selection in rice researchgate. Developing markerassisted selection strategies for breeding hybrid rice yunbi xu ricetec, inc. Molecular marker assisted gene stacking for biotic and abiotic.
Marker assisted selection, ssr markers, drought tolerance, rice. Markerassisted breeding of the rice restorer line wanhui 6725 for. Markerassisted selection an overview sciencedirect topics. Introduction rice, one of the most important food crops for over half of the worlds population, accounts for around 23% of the global calorie intake bernier et al. Genomic selection or genomewide selection is a specific case of markerassisted selection in which information from markers distributed across the whole genome is used in selection.
Resistance genes and selection dna markers for blast. Marker assisted selection mas for participatory plant. A key weak point in the utilisation of qtls is the quality of markers used during markerassisted selection mas. New rice varieties using marker assisted selection technique biotec and nstda joined the national rice and farmers day 2017 held during 35 june 2017 at the rice department, bangkok. Mackill plant breeding, genetics and biotechnology division, international rice research institute irri. Here, the authors use an optimized crisprcas9 method to insert a. In this way, the selection of target traits can be achieved indirectly using molecular markers that are closely linked to underlying genes or that have been developed from the actual gene sequences.